日本假币
上世纪80年代，我在日本生活了7年多，其间曾遇到过一次假币事件。东京远郊的一家小印刷厂经营不善，濒临破产，老板伙同两名亲信偷印假币赚钱，被警方抓获，判处20年重刑，此生休矣。那时日本NHK电视台介绍了许多关于假币的法律知识和辨认假币的方法。
假币受害人若发现自己手中的货币是假币，并将假币出手，属于刑事犯罪，将被判一年以上徒刑。若报警并全力协助警方调查，警方调查核实后，会在适当的时候，以协助调查金名义发还同额真币。于是所有假币受害人见到假币后都会立即报警，这使得假币制造者陷入全民围剿之中，人人喊打，插翅难飞，同时也杜绝了假币在市场上的流通。
2001年，三名外国人持日本假币去大阪旅游，从假币出手到被抓，不到4小时。NHK电视台详细介绍了破案经过及其相关法律，使全世界的日本假币制造者和使用者都受到了极大的震撼和威慑。有观众问，假币制造者会不会装作受害人去警方那里用假币换真币？答曰，警察不是傻瓜，谁把警察当傻瓜，他自己就是傻瓜。警方有科学、合理、严格的调查方法和手段，主动去警方那里说假话，无异于自投罗网，警方乐得请君入瓮。
包括中国在内的很多国家则与日本不同，银行或警方仅将假币没收，无真币补偿，假币所造成的经济损失由受害人自己承担，受害人只能自认倒霉。于是，受害人都不愿意主动报警，而是寻找机会将手中的假币重新出手，使自己个人的经济损失尽量减小。其结果是，假币在市场上畅通无阻，假币制造者逍遥法外，笑逐颜开。同时，又会有更多的人投身于假币制造这一风险很小的赚钱行业，国家经济受到损失，市场金融系统受到破坏，最终还是全体老百姓倒霉。有专家通过数学计算表明，当市场上出现假币时，货币发行者(国家中央银行)出些小钱将假币回收，以此为奖励，鼓励民众协力调查，迅速抓获假币制造者，才能使总体的经济损失取到最小值。
法律和制度是保障人民利益的基础，改革开放以来，中国的法制已经有了长足进步，不过在假币问题上仍然有所不足。我很希望看到本文的国内的看官们能把我的文章转发一下，让更多的中国人了解日本的相关法律，如果能让中国政府也能为中国制定出相应的法律制度，为中国人民造福，那将是本文的最终目的。预先谢谢大家的帮助与合作。
(张又普初稿于2003年11月21日)
本文附有1份插图，还有简体字和正体字两种版本，如果想要图文并茂的pdf版，请电邮”wahaha_us@yahoo.com”。
资料链接：
NHK：https://www.nhk.or.jp/
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